The limited scope of BPK audit and comparison with other supreme audit institutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28986/jtaken.v10i1.1389Keywords:
Audit, Authority, State Finance, Norm Conflict, audit scopeAbstract
The role of BPK is to audit state finance management and accountability in all entities that manage state finances freely and independently. However, the BPK's authority to conduct audits of state finances is debatable and limited when some laws and regulations are inconsistent. This study uses legal doctrinal and comparative legal research to explore improvements/harmonization of regulations and comparisons with SAI in other countries regarding the scope of audit that can be carried out to strengthen BPK's authority further. The results of this study indicate that there is still a conflict of norms regarding the scope of BPK's audit, as well as a conflict of interpretation of what it means to audit the management and accountability of state finances in Indonesia. Improving the legal instruments that regulate the scope of BPK audits can avoid conflicting norms and multiple interpretations of legal norms, allowing BPK's role to be more optimal in the future.
References
Abikusna, R. A. (2019). Kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam perspektif Undang-Undang nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Jurnal Sosfilkom, 13(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.32534/jsfk.v13i01.1453
Alfath, T. P. (2015). Kedudukan badan pemeriksaan keuangan dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia. The Spirit of Law, 1(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.33121/tsl.v1i1
Al-Fatih, S., Safaat, M. A., Widiarto, A. E., Al-Uyun, D., & Nur, M. (2023). Understanding delegated legislation in the natural resources sector. Bestuur, 11(2), 290-311. https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.78125
Ambarwati, S., Yuliati, Y., & Widhiyanti, H. N. (2022). The loss of state-owned enterprise (BUMN) as not state loss in separation principles perspective. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 9(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v9i1.16148
American Accounting Association. (1973). A Statement of basic auditing concepts. American Accounting Association.
Anggoro, C. (2018). The audit board audit authority upon state-owned enterprises. Fiat Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 12(1), 58–72. https://jurnal.fh.unila.ac.id/index.php/fiat/article/view/1262/1153
Arens, A. A., & Loebbecke, J. K. (2000). Auditing: An integrated approach. Prentice Hall.
Atmadja, A. P. S. (2013). Keuangan publik dalam perspektif hukum: Teori, kritik, dan praktik. Rajawali Press.
Bafelanna, G. P. (2020). Status of the separated state assets into BUMN Persero. UNRAM Law Review, 4(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v4i1.110
Dachyar, M., Zagloel, T. Y. M., & Saragih, L. R. (2020). Enterprise architecture breakthrough for telecommunications transformation: A reconciliation model to solve bankruptcy. Heliyon, 6(10), 52-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05273
Dahoklory, M. V. (2020). Dinamika pengelolaan keuangan BUMN perihal ”dilema” antara kerugian negara ataukah kerugian bisnis. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 9(3), 349-365.
Djalal, D. L. (2021). The legal policy of regulating the concept of future value amid the discourse on state finances in state-owned enterprises. Global Legal Review, 1(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.19166/glr.v1i1.2830
European Court of Auditors (ECA). (2019). Public audit in the European Union: The handbook on Supreme Audit Institutions in the EU and Its Member States. https://www.eca.europa.eu/lists/ecadocuments/book_public_audit_in_the_eu/book-public_audit_in_the_eu_en.pdf
EUROSAI. (2020). Audit compendium municipality-owned companies. https://www.tfma.eu/files/files/AUDIT_COMPENDIUM_Municipality%20owned-companies.pdf
Hadjon, P. M. (1997). Tentang wewenang. Jurnal Yuridika, 7, (5-6). https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v7i5-6.5769
Hakim, L. (2011). Kewenangan organ negara dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Jurnal Konstitusi, 4(1), 103-130. http://publishing-widyagama.ac.id/ejournal-v2/index.php/jk/article/view/302/297
Hartono, R. N., Sriwati., & Rini, W. S. D. (2021). Kerugian keuangan negara pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dalam perspektif doktrin business judgement rule. Keluwih: Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v2i1.4392
Hsb., A. M., & Julianthy, E. M. (2018). Pelaksanaan kewenangan atribusi pemerintahan daerah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 15(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v15i2.164
INTOSAI. (2019). INTOSAI P-1: The Lima declaration. https://www.intosai.org/fileadmin/downloads/documents/open_access/INT_P_1_u_P_10/INTOSAI_P_1_en_2019.pdf
Juliani, H. (2016). Pertanggungjawaban direksi BUMN terhadap perbuatan yang mengakibatkan kerugian keuangan negara. Masalah-masalah Hukum, 45(4), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.4.2016.299-306
Juliani, H. (2018). Legal implication of the audit board of Indonesia on management audit and financial liability of the state against state-owned enterprises. Diponegoro Law Review, 3(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.3.1.2018.75-83
Keulen, S. (2020). Auditing state-owned enterprises. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15398.96320
Koynja, J. J. (2017). Confidentiality guarantee of tax information against the property of the taxpayers in management examination and the state financial responsibilities conducted by the audit board. UNRAM Law Review, 1(1), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v1i1.8
Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/43017/uu-no-17-tahun-2003
Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2003 concerning State-Owned Enterprises (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/43919/uu-no-19-tahun-2003
Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2004 concerning The State Financial Management and Accountability Audit (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan Tanggung Jawab Keuangan Negara). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/40509/uu-no-15-tahun-2004
Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2019 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 Tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/122028/uu-no-19-tahun-2019
Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/185162/uu-no-7-tahun-2021
Mahkamah Agung. (2006). Fatwa Mahkamah Agung tentang Piutang BUMN Nomor WKMA/Yud/20/VIII/2006.
Mahkamah Konstitusi. (2008). Risalah Sidang Perkara Nomor 3/PUU-VI/2008 tentang pengujian Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 28 tahun 2007 tentang perubahan ketiga Undang-Undang nomor 6 tahun 1983 tentang ketentuan umum dan tata cara perpajakan pasal 34 ayat (2a) huruf b dan penjelasan pasal 34 ayat (2a) terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. https://mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/risalah/risalah_sidang_Perkara%203.PUU-VI.2008,%205%20Februarai%202008%20%20(perbaikan).pdf
Makawimbang, H. F. (2015). Kerugian keuangan negara: Dalam tindak pidana korupsi, suatu pendekatan hukum progresif. Thafa Media.
Maulana, M. I., & Umein, M. A. A. (2021). Possible abuse of authority by state administrative officers in the development and implementation of public policies. Awang Long Law Review, 4(1), 110-117. https://ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awl/article/download/260/205
Mauludina, M. A., Azis, Y., Sukmadilaga, C., & Susanto, H. (2023). Determinants of SOE’s performance: A systematic literature review. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2234138
Messier, W. F. (2006). Auditing & assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill.
Mulya, A., & Rani, F. A. (2018). Kewenangan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan dalam fungsi pemeriksaan terhadap laporan pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah daerah. JIM Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan, 2(4), 700-708.
Nasarudin, T. M. (2020). Kedudukan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) sebagai lembaga negara di bidang pengawasan keuangan negara. Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24967/jcs.v5i1.482
National Audit Office of The People’s Republic of China. (2012). Governance of supreme audit institutions. https://www.audit.gov.cn/en/n746/n753/c66619/content.html
Ngadino, A., & Rumesten, I. (2011). Pengelolaan keuangan negara dalam perspektif hukum administrasi. Sriwijaya University Institutional Repository. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/16483/
NIK Poland. (2019). Peer review report on the audit board of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.bpk.go.id/assets/files/storage/2022/07/file_storage_1658299940.pdf
OECD. (2016). OECD public governance reviews: supreme audit institutions and good governance – Oversight, insight, and foresight. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2019). Corporate governance in MENA: Building a framework for competitiveness and growth. https://doi.org/10.1787/20776535
Prabhawa, W., & Prasojo, E. (2021). Integritas Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Sebagai Supreme Audit Institution. Sospol: Jurnal Sosial Politik, 7(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v7i1.14609
Pratama, M. W. (2020). Status of Position and Assets of SOEs Analysis of Constitutional Court Decision Number 62. PUU-XI/2013. Journal of Dharmasisya, 1(1). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol1/iss1/39/
Pratiwi, I. A., & Priyanto, I. M. D. (2018). Ketidaksinkronan prinsip UU BUMN dengan UU PUPN mengenai piutang BUMN. Journal of Kertha Semaya, 1(11), 1-16. https://103.29.196.112/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/39600
Rahyani, W. S. (2014). Problematika penyelesaian piutang BUMN dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Journal Rechtsvinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Negara. https://rechtsvinding.bphn.go.id/jurnal_online/PROBLEMATIKA%20PENYELESAIAN%20PIUTANG%20BUMN_WIWIN%20SRI%20RAHYANI.pdf
Ramadanil, M. (2021). Perbandingan kewenangan pemeriksaan keuangan negara antara BPK RI dengan dengan Jabatan Audit Negara Malaysia [Unpublished thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Ramadhani, M., Akbar, B., Jeddawi, M., & Tahir, M. I. (2021). Model of delegation of BPK’s authority in state financial management examination. International Journal of Governmental Studies and Humanities, 4(1), 10-24. https://doi.org/10.33701/ijgh.v4i1.1615
Roza, N. (2022). Problematika penentuan status keuangan negara dalam Badan Usaha Milik Negara Persero. Lex Renaissance, 7(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol7.iss1.art4
Saputra, R., & Emovwodo, S. O. (2022). Indonesia as legal welfare state: The policy of Indonesian national economic law. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.21
Saufiah. (2016). Aspek hukum kewenangan badan pemeriksa keuangan (BPK) dalam pemeriksaan perpajakan [Unpublished thesis]. Universitas Mataram.
Simatupang, D. P. N. (2011). Pemeriksaan terhadap pajak sebagai bagian dari ruang lingkup keuangan negara menurut teori hukum keuangan publik. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v8i1.348
Slemrod, J. (2007). Cheating ourselves: The economics of tax evasion. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.25
Smith, D. A. C., & Trebilcock, M. J. (2001). State-owned enterprises in less developed countries: Privatization and alternative reform strategies. European Journal of Law and Economics, 12(3), 217–252. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012817825552
Sufriadi. (2014). Tanggung jawab jabatan dan tanggung jawab pribadi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Indonesia. Jurnal Yuridis, 1(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.35586/.v1i1
Suryadi, P., & Santiago, F. (2021. October 30). Economic value as legal considerations for the utilization of state-owned [Paper presentation]. The First Multidiscipline International Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia. http://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2021.2315734
Swardhana, G. M., & Monteiro, S. (2023). Legal policy of state financial losses arrangement in a state-owned enterprise. Bestuur, 11(1), 171-190. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i1.61326
Yudiastari, R. H. (2022). Tinjauan hukum terkait keuangan negara di lingkup BUMN Persero serta penyelesaiannya terhadap problematika tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal El-Dusturie, 1(2), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.21154/eldusturie.v1i2.4631
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Tata Kelola dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Tata Kelola dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara is licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License